ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Periapical lesions are perhaps triggered by bacterial activity¹. The endodontic microbes are most often obligate anaerobes; they efficaciously subdue the cellular and molecular host defense mechanism i.e. Neutrophils, Macrophages, Lymphocytes, and osteoclasts, cytokines, interferon, eicosanoids, and growth factors; with their virulence factors such endotoxins, enzymes, and modulins to produce the periapical pathology². There is variability observed in the periapical lesions, which include periapical abscess, periapical cyst, and periapical granuloma depending on its appearance and symptoms^3,4.

Keywords: Calcium Hydroxide, Non-Surgical Management, Periapical Cyst.

How to cite this article: Bhangale AP, Gulve MN. - Non-surgical management of a periapical cyst: A case report,PosterJ 2021; 10(2):1.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.098

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Patients undergoing endodontic treatment may develop post-endodontic pain, which can be attributed due to several factors such as: during chemo-mechanical preparation, an extrusion of debris (dentinal), irrigants, and micro- organisms beyond an apical limit might produce inflammation¹. The utmost priority in such situations would be to manage the pain. Prevalence of post endodontic treatment pain is estimated to be from 1.5% to 50% or more¹.

Keywords: Cryotherapy; Cold Application; Irrigation; Post-Operative Pain.

How to cite this article: Yadav V, Shreya,Vandita, Samant PS, Chauhan R. - Endodontic cryotherapy: A review of current status, potential sequelae, and call for action,PosterJ 2021; 10(2):6.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.103

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
John Mc Carthy in 1956 coined the term 'Artificial Intelligence.' Artificial intelligence is a combination of science and engineering concerned with the computational knowledge of intelligent behavior and creating artifacts that mimic such behavior¹ like face recognition, replicating human actions, and maybe feel-just as humans do. Artificial Intelligence relies on the likelihood that machines can utilize accessible data and reasons to solve problems like humans² and it forecast intelligent systems capable to respond according to their surroundings and the measures to augment their odds of success ³.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Artificial Neural Network; Deep Learning; Dentistry Machine Learning

How to cite this article: Jain S, Srinkhala, Samant PS, Fatma N. - Artificial intelligence: A blooming boon,PosterJ 2021; 10(2):4.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.101

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
One of the major micro-organisms that target the respiratory system of humans is a coronavirus. SARA-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) are the precursory outbreaks of coronaviruses. Lots of people were hospitalized due to the sign and symptoms of pneumonia that too of unrevealed etiology, in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China¹. In a few weeks this infectious disease spread across China and around the world. This disease was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization, on 30th January 2020 and hence, named as 'Coronavirus Disease 2019' caused by 'Novel Coronavirus' on 12th February 2020².

Keywords: Aerosols, COVID-19, Pneumonia, Novel Coronavirus, Teledentistry, Transmission, Wuhan.

How to cite this article: Yadav V, Samant PS. - Fight Corona,PosterJ 2021; 10(2):3.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.100

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is an absorbable, biocompatible collagen-based matrix procured from the human placenta¹. Over the previous decade, the advancement of tissue designing, alongside new acellularization conventions; reworked this biomaterial into a modulatory matrix for regenerative medicine². The hAM possesses a wide array of properties namely anti-microbial, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory pertaining to the presence of various growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells which decreases the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines^3-4. Another essential property of this extracellular matrix for tissue designing applications is its capacity of cellular multiplication, differentiation, and cell attachment⁵. This exceptional arrangement of natural and biochemical properties along with its boundless accessibility and diminished cost have formed hAM into a biomaterial of choice.

Keywords: Amniotic Membrane; Biological Scaffolds; Dental Pulp Regeneration; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Tissue Engineering.

How to cite this article: Srinkhala, Jain S, Samant PS, Agarwal K. - Human Amniotic Membrane: Sprouting Life,PosterJ 2021; 10(2):2.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.099

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
The oral cavity is an intricate environment wherein a rich and differing microbial community is existing¹. Literature has proven Streptococcus mutans as the important causative operator for the initiation of dental caries, which might be principally due to its adherence capacity to the tooth surface and acid production². Despite utilizing the traditional approaches³, newer approaches for the prevention against dental caries or managing the lost dental tissues if it has already occurred, are highly desirable to reinforce the existing ones.

Keywords: Dental Caries Prevention; Electrospinning; Nanofibers; Replacement Therapy; Streptococcus Mutans

How to cite this article: Shreya, Yadav V, Samant PS, Srivastava V. - Fight Corona,PosterJ 2021; 10(2):5.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.102

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
An optimal dental care requires, an appropriate patient to operator positioning, which in turn can be comprehended through the field of Ergonomics¹. A failure to maintain a good patient to operator, could lead to the operator experiencing discomfort in their hands, back, and shoulders, which in turn could affect the treatment quality². On the long term such discomfort could increase the risk of several musculoskeletal disorders^3,4. Therefore, understanding the science of ergonomics is required to obtain comfortable working environment which improve the operator efficiency thereby enhancing overall treatment⁵.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lower Back Pain

How to cite this article: Rathod S, Aher G, Gulve M, Kolhe S.- Ergonomics in endodontics , PosterJ 2020; 9(1):23.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.045

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) has got poor survival rate when associated with lymph node involvement and metastasis. In spite of advanced methods of treatment, mortality rate of OSCC is high1-3. The mortality of OSCC is the reflection of metastasis, which complicates the management of a case. Metastasis is the process of dissemination of tumour cells through the circulation which finally get deposited and proliferate to form secondary tumours at a distant site4,5. Hence, this intermediate step of tumour cells getting into circulation is an important preliminary step of metastasis. So, early detection and characterization of these Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) can be important as a broad-spectrum strategy to monitor, prevent development and manifestation of metastatic disease there by improving the prognosis2,6,7. This review aims at understanding the mechanism of CTC, role of detecting CTC in improving prognosis of OSCC, and to understand the recent advances and application of CTC in OSCC.

Keywords: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ; Circulating Tumour Cells; Metastasis

How to cite this article: Kokila G, Bharateesh JV, Mahalakshmi S, Likhithaswamy HR. Circulating tumour cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma-Dent PosterJ 2020; 9(1):1.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.023

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Digitized technologies have overwhelmed civilization with countless and stunning applications in unlimited aspects of life¹. Digitized procedures have recently been linked with dental practice through computer-based technology which aids in accurate and early diagnosis and treatment planning. The invention of intraoral camera has made possible to improve diagnostic expertise as magnified oral conditions are better viewed and also motivates the patients for treatment planning and patient education. In recent years lasers have stormed into every aspect of life². Digital applications are progressively increasing in dentistry and becoming essential tools in the field of education and research related to the clinical and dental practice. There are various digital applications like digital photographs, radiographs together with the use of virtual articulators or for the processing of restorations with the use of CAD/CAM technology. In the end, it can be concluded digital innovations have unquestionably disrupted dentistry^3,4.

Keywords: Digital technologies, CAD/CAM, Virtual Articulators

How to cite this article: Dua R, Garewal R, Sikri A, Nayyar P.- Digital Rebellion – New Era Dentistry , PosterJ 2020; 9(1):11.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.033

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Periodontal disease, a prevailing oral disease, is caused by oral microbe induced inflammation. The sustained inflammatory response to the microbial antigenic stimuli leads to progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. Conventional diagnostic methods including radiographs, allow the detection of periodontitis only when there is sufficient loss of the periodontium. At this stage, any treatment strategy would struggle to halt the disease progression. Thus, novel diagnostic tools capable of detecting subtle periodontal changes are required to infer early diagnosis and treatment^1,2,3.
The past decade has developed several diagnostic tools to aid in monitoring the periodontal status using saliva and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The point of care (POC) diagnostics, is one such endeavor that allows rapid chair-side tests to diagnose periodontal disease using salivary and GCF samples. The present poster is an attempt to highlight the advantages of some of the point of care diagnostic kits and their possible limitations.

Keywords: Periodontitis; The point of care testing; Rapid chairside tests

How to cite this article: Thomas S.- Point of care testing in periodontal diagnosis- A new frontier- A Road Map, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):14.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.066

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases disturb the bodily mechanism of an individual, causing a devastating impact on a global scale. Therefore, the diagnosis of such diseases at an early pace is important. An early diagnosis relies on both a thorough clinical evaluation and precise laboratory investigations. Most clinical samples are collected through invasive procedures. The past decade has seen a surge in the development of non-invasive salivary diagnostic¹. In addition to local changes with the oral cavity, the salivary samples have also shown to exhibit alteration in response to several systemic diseases including cancer. They have also been used in forensics to screen for drugs².

Keywords: Point of care diagnostics, Saliva, Oral disease, LIAM, Lateral Flow Test, VerOFy^®, Super•SAL

How to cite this article: Saikia J, Das D.- Lite image analysis module: ‘A boon in the field of salivary diagnosis’, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):11.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.063

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a new dental imaging modality that generates 3-D images which provides us more complex and accurate imaging technique when compared to the usual analog and digital radiographs¹. Forensic odontology is a part of forensic medicine where in there is intervention of the dental expertise in the medico-legal cases by age estimation in unknown human cadavers which evidently help in solving the issue. Primarily, it involves identification of missing person of a deceased individual through a number of methods like morphological, radiological, biochemical, histological¹. Radiographs play a very important role in this field which can help age estimation of an individual through hard tissue and soft tissue of the tooth, which marks a significant step in forensic identification process². Thus, age estimation has become of prime importance in the field of Forensic odontology. CBCT being a noninvasive alternative imaging technique that has advantage over conventional radiographic methods, which provides us information of tooth dimensions in all surfaces simultaneously, this minimizes the magnification and distortional errors. It is becoming increasingly popular source of imaging in the present day in the field of Forensic odontology as it provides an option of 3-D reconstruction, cranial measurements, in visualization of cervical vertebra morphology and also in investigating the ante mortem data. In this poster presentation we present the different methods of age estimation using CBCT.

Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Forensic Odontology, Age Estimation

How to cite this article: Niyaz A, Sayyad Z.- Age estimation using Cone beam computed tomography - Applications in Forensic Odontology , PosterJ 2020; 9(1):10.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.032

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Breastfeeding bestows long term and short term benefits on both the child as well as the mother which has beneficial effects on the development of an infant's oral cavity. Many studies reveal that infants who are breastfed regularly are less prone to have caries in their first months of life than an infant who is not breastfed regularly¹. Successful breastfeeding means proper swallowing and latch-on by an infant. The proper breastfeeding position, “Latch-on”, they are the cradle hold, the cross over the hold, clutch hold and reclining position. So during an effective “Latch-on” tongue extends over the lower gum pad by drawing from both areola tissue and nipple into the mouth. This creates a tight seal and the lip flanges outward over the areole tissues. When the seal remains intact, the infant obtains milk by using a peristaltic motion of tongue to compress the flattened breast nipple against palate which moves the milk towards the throat and helps the infant to swallow and to gain nutrition. This normal swallowing habit helps to set a pattern for correct normal swallow habits into adulthood².

Keywords: Breastfeeding; Infant Oral Hygiene; Latch On

How to cite this article: Harshitha K , Rao A.H.T, Bhat S.S, Shajahan T.- Feed right for your baby’s smile!, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):7.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.059

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Radiography in dentistry helps to visualize structures that are unseen with naked eye. Various advancements have been made in the field of radiography; one such development is Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)¹. Introduction of CBCT in endodontics have made transition from 2-dimensional to a 3-dimensional approach in image acquisition. It helps clinician to view slices of data in volumetric plane². It is used in evaluation and management of complex endodontic conditions like vertical root fracture, understand aberrant root and canal anatomy. It helps to determine horizontal root fractures, the degree and displacement related to luxation injuries. Bony defects can be demonstrated separately³. Presence of undiagnosed lesion and healing of periapical lesion can be determined better with CBCT as compared to conventional radiography⁴.

Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Diagnosis, Endodontics, Imaging

How to cite this article: Pandey S, Gulve M, Kolhe S, Aher G.- CBCT in Endodontics, PosterJ 2020; 9(1):18.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.040

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Successful periapical surgery mandates the elimination of periapical infection and a good apical seal¹. The apical region of the root canal has the maximum lateral canals that may act as portal of entry for the ingress of irritants. During periapical surgery, the apical 3mm is resected and prepared to receive a retrograde filling material. Root end filling is the procedure through which an inert material is packed into the root canal via a retrograde approach². The desirable characteristics of a root end filling material include biocompatibility, non-resorbable, radiopaque, easy to manipulate and capable of being closely adapted to the dentinal walls of the retrograde cavity³. Conventionally, amalgam, glass ionomer cement, super EBA were used as retrograde filling materials. Research has led to development of various newer biomimetic materials based on calcium silicate cements. The earliest of these was mineral trioxide aggregate. Newer materials include Biodentine, and Bioceramics like Endosequence and Bioaggregate. The present poster highlights the various retrograde filling materials used in dentistry.

Keywords:Bioceramics; Biodentine; Retrograde Filling Materials; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

How to cite this article: Saxena A.K, Gupta A, Tomer A.K.- Retrograde Filling Materials - Soldiers of Apex, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):13.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.065

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
The use of Dental Implants to treat complete and partial edentulous spaces has become an integral treatment modality in restorative dentistry. The basis for planning up an implant placement depends upon a clinical examination of the patient and by radiological evaluation. The main objective of diagnostic imaging is to assess bone quality and quantity which serves as a basic foundation for placing an implant¹. Diagnostic imaging is categorized into 3 phases: pre-prosthetic/pre-surgical implant imaging, surgical & interventional implant imaging, and post-prosthetic implant imaging. The imaging modalities range from analog which uses x-ray films to intensifying screens as receptors for visualization of images to digital and two-dimensional imaging which provides us information of the height and width of the bone in that region, tentatively². Further, three-dimensional imaging helps us to assess not only height and width but also depth/thickness of the particular area³. So in the current era of imaging, the practitioner plans up the imaging modality accordingly which gives them complete information before implant placement. In this poster presentation, we present the different implant imaging modalities with advantages and disadvantages, so the dentists get a brief overview of the same.

Keywords:Dental Implants, Implant Imaging, 2-Dimensional Imaging, 3-Dimensional Imaging

How to cite this article: Niyaz A, Hameed S.- Introduction to Imaging in Dental Implants- A Road Map, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):12.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.064

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
3D printing is the process of making a solid object from a three-dimensional digital image by laying down many thin layers of building material¹. It is also called additive manufacturing. Various methods of 3D printing in dentistry are stereolithography, photopolymer jetting, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, etc².
Steps involved in 3D printing are: (1) obtaining a 2D image using an intraoral camera/scanner. (2) converting a 2D image into a 3D image using the CAD software. (3) making 3D printed models using additive printers.

Keywords: CAD Software; 3D Printing; Dentistry; Endodontics

How to cite this article: Ziauddin N.M, Borthakur B. J, Swathika B, Ganesan S.- 3D printing- A futuristic tool , PosterJ 2020; 9(2):10.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.062

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
COVID-19 protocols and guidelines are intended to direct the public towards health awareness, disease control. These protocols aid the health care workers¹ (HCW) and medical professionals to effectively halt the disease spread in the society. Moving on to the health security and home care for patients under the suspicion of COVID-19, presenting with signs and symptoms, more precautions have to be taken for proper sanitation to prevent infection with the COVID-19 virus². Other recommended measures include self-hygiene, including immune boosters through diet, proper garbage disposal, house sanitation, etc. A person suffering from mild symptoms where hospitalization may not be recommended due to overstressing on the health care sector. If the patients have systemic disorders, or immunocompromised conditions, where the risk rate of infection and COVID- 19 related complications are higher, further protective measures, early diagnosis, and treatment planning are of utmost importance.

Keywords: COVID-19; Health Care Worker; Sanitation

How to cite this article: Jayachandran S.- Start treasuring your health from home-post lockdown precautions, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):8.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.060

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Microorganisms are present in almost all environment, either useful or harmful to the host. Oral microbiome is an important part of the human microbiome, and is unique for its diversity. Oral flora is a continuously changing habitat for numerous species of bacteria. There is an intense interspecies competition to colonize and to form a biofilm structure. The mouth harbors more than 700 different types of micro-organisms. Recent biotechnological and microbiological techniques help to identify the extent, diversity and association of each microbe to the health and disease¹.We are now in post-genomic era in which biotechnology; genomics, biomimetic and tissue engineering are the future of all health professions. Biomedical science and technology are the advancing front in the ongoing medical and dental research.Dentistry and Biotechnology now work hand in hand on researches pertaining to the most common microbial disease of the oral cavity, i.e. dental caries to the most dreaded, oral cancer. “Biodentistry”as it would be collectively termed include nanotechnology and nanomaterials, Biotechnology, Nanorobotics, Probiotics and caries vaccines, Tissue engineering, Biomimetic and many recent molecular diagnostic techniques like proteomics, genomics and sequencing methods^2,3. By this poster an attempt will be made to elaborate the various contributions of biotechnological innovations in the advancement of dentistry and their applications.

Keywords: Biodentistry; Nanodiagnosis; Nanorobotics; Probiotics; Tissue Engineering

How to cite this article: Sharma G, Vijayakumar G, Kamboj M, Narwal A.- "BIODENTISTRY": Mining the Mouth's Many Microbes , PosterJ 2020; 9(1):15.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.037

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Tissue engineering is a reassuring approach for dentin-pulpal complex regeneration. Tissue regeneration consists of three factors: stem cells, growth factors, and scaffolds. The scaffold is an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) which serves as a template for cell growth and tissue regeneration¹. Required properties of scaffolds are they ought to be biocompatible, biodegradable, have specific physical and mechanical properties, and have to mimic the in-vivo environment. According to shape, scaffolds are of two types: preformed scaffolds and injectable scaffolds. Preformed scaffolds have the previous form whereas injectable scaffolds can be injected into destined space and form shape of in situ structure². Considering tiny form and size of the root canals injectable scaffolds are additionally appealing than that of preformed ones in endodontics³. Recently certain bio-inductive materials are added into synthetic scaffolds for obtaining superior outcomes.

Keywords: Endodontics; Injectable Scaffolds; Regenerative Endodontics; Tissue Engineering

How to cite this article: Pawar P. A, Gulve M. N, Kolhe S. J, Aher G. B.- Advanced injectable scaffold system: signpost for development in endodontic tissue regeneration., PosterJ 2020; 9(2):9.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.061

Conflict of interest: None declared

Commentary:

A massive hardship in endodontic treatment is the failure to eliminate bacterial biofilms during cleaning and shaping procedures, enduring within the anatomic intricacies and unreached areas of the canal¹. Rapid development of nanotechnology in the field science and technology, is creating numerous biomedical applications like drug delivery, tissue regeneration, anti-microbial application². Nano-dentistry implies to the application of nanomaterials for the diagnosis of oral ailment, treatment of the same with the aim of enhancing extensive oral health³.

Antibacterial nanoparticles have been pioneered at primitive levels with significant potential for eradication of oral biofilms. The efficacy of nanoparticles to eradicate microorganisms is ascribed to different mechanisms. First mechanism being attachment of nanoparticles to the targeted cell membrane of bacteria through electrostatic forces causing the alteration of membrane potential, depolarization leading to loss of membrane integrity. The second mechanism includes bacterial cell death by the production of free radicals like reactive-oxygen species it influences the bacterial cell endurance by protein function blockage, destruction of DNA this results in excess radical production. This leads to the bacterial cell death⁴.

It is anticipated that nanotechnology will improve healthcare with the development of novel methods for disease diagnosis and it's prevention⁵. Enhancement of antibacterial efficacy in endodontics is the potential of nanoparticle based strategies⁶. Thus, this poster reviews antibacterial nanoparticles in endodontics, as the promising future in development of better techniques to achieve efficient disinfection.

Keywords: Antibacterial; Bioactive Glass; Chitosan; Nanodentistry; Nanoparticles; Silver

How to cite this article: Gore A, Pandey S, Patel S, Gulve M. Antibacterial nanoparticles: A new horizon-Dent PosterJ 2020; 9(1):2.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.024

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
“If it were not for the great variability among individuals, medicine might as well be a science and not an art.”Sir William O sler In humans, 99.9% of genetic bases are similar while only the remaining 0.1% make a person unique. These variations can be harmless, harmful, or latent^1,2. Personalized or customized medicine is a developing area in which physicians apply diagnostic tests to identify particular biological markers, environmental factors that aid in describing which all medical/ dental modalities will work best for each patient according to his or her genetic makeup^1,3. It also includes fighting the diseases with your immune cells. You can’t get more personalized than that!^4-6.It aims to reduce the burden of disease, focuses on prevention, diminishes the duration and severity of illness, reduces side effects of unnecessary drugs, health care costs, and what not? Although personalized medicine in the medical field is rapidly growing and becoming more common, in dentistry it is in a primitive stage. It would be beneficial as an oral medicine practitioner to determine the appropriate drug to the appropriate patient for the appropriate disease at the appropriate time with the appropriate dosage ^2,4,6,7. In the last two decades, there have been many advances in genetics, proteomics, metabolomics, molecular biology, and molecular medicine. Personalized medicine uses these advances along with clinical profiles as well as other relevant data to customize the health care services. Personalized medicine is sometimes also labeled as stratified medicine, as patients are stratified based on available information, and then therapy is customized according to the characteristics of each stratum³. To discriminate from stratified medicine, personalized medicine is more about the individual rather than strata. Personalized Medicine provides a structural and functional model for efficient health care services; which is preventive, well-coordinated, and proven¹. In next decade, everyone will be having their detailed information and nobody will have to suffer through trial -and-error care^5,6,8 . Personalized medicine approach should have potent clinical benefit, means layer by layer distribution of information should be feasible and should lead to better clinical practice. A critical element of the success of personalized dentistry is awareness of public and acceptance of personal genome sequencing along with its risks and benefits^2-4.

Keywords: Personalized Medicine, Personalized Dentistry, Genomics, Proteomics.

How to cite this article: Mahajan M.C, Waingade M.- Personalized medicine: ‘Hope for better tomorrow’, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):2.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.054

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Saliva is a clear multi-constituent, slightly acidic complex biological fluid produced by the major and minor salivary glands. This oral fluid can detect diseases at early stages and does surveillance of general health and disease which has become an important tool in healthcare research and promotion¹.A disease severity and its impact in a person’s life can be prevented when it’s diagnosed at the earlier stage. Such early diagnosis might also delay future complications. The advantages of salivary diagnostic tool are that it can be collected easily and non invasively without any discomfort to the patients as in case of invasive blood sample collection or urine collection which pose privacy issues. Salivary constituents might vary based on the salivary flow rate and the method in which they are collected. Salivary sample collection, storage and transport are inexpensive. Thus, it is a very cost-effective method as well as a easy to use screening method which only requires collection of smaller samples. Saliva can be easily stored and transported and has greater sensitivity similar to blood serum². Salivary biomarkers are being used to develop technologies for screening of systemic conditions like metabolic disorders, autoimmune disease, viral infections, cancer, bacterial infections, and cardiovascular diseases³.

Keywords: Saliva, Diagnostic Tool, Biomarker, Screening

How to cite this article: Krishnan AR, Jayakrishnan U, Govind SL,Subodh A.- Harvest a drop & Reap the crop , PosterJ 2020; 9(1):13.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.035

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Pregnancy is a physiological condition of body which is evidenced by several transient periods resulting in changes in various physical events affecting patients overall health¹. It includes increase in diet ,frequent consumption of various snacks items between meals. Good oral health during this period is the major concern². Therefore it is required to maintain the oral health conditions during the perinatal period by educating mother and inculcating the understanding that delay in any required treatment can affect the mother and indirectly the fetus. So that she can play a significant role in prevention of child's bad oral habits, dental caries, gingival and periodontal health³.

Keywords: Child; Mother; Oral Health

How to cite this article: Rani R, Shrikant K.- Does Mumma know everything ? Must know oral hygiene facts for every mother, PosterJ 2020; 9(1):16.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.038

Conflict of interest: None declared

Commentary:

Corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly nationwide¹ and can have an enormous public health impact with economic and societal disruption. Corona-viruses are stranded RNA viruses. It is zoonotic evolved into a strain that can infect human beings and leading to death². The clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19 range from no symptoms (asymptomatic) to fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia or fatigue with symptoms of sore throat, and severe pneumonia. There are no therapeutics and vaccines available. The great majority of the most severe illnesses and deaths had occurred among the elderly and those with other underlying chronic systematic conditions³. Up today, the virus has killed more than 3,300 people4. There are now more than 95,000 cases around the world, with infections in more than 80 countries⁴. To protect yourself and others by^5-8

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Aim: To assess the awareness and attitude of parents choosing routine natural edible ingredients for posttraumatic tooth preservation.
Material and methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst parents of children in the mixed dentition period with erupted young permanent incisors. The questionnaire collected demographics, parent’s choice of natural ingredients available at home (coconut water-CW, aloe vera-AV, egg white-EW, green tea-GT, pomegranate juice- PJ) which can be used as a preservation medium for the avulsed tooth. The survey also evaluated knowledge and attitude questions about tooth preservation after trauma.
Results: Most of the parents were dissatisfied with their knowledge and were willing to attend educational programs related to the management of dental trauma¹. Coconut water^2,3 was found to be the natural medium of choice in a significant number of parents followed by aloe vera⁴.
Conclusion: Coconut water, a scientifically established tooth preservation media was the parent’s first choice for storing the tooth. There is a growing need for parent awareness programs explaining emergency management for traumatic dental injury.

Keywords: Avulsion; Coconut Water; Herbal Storage Media; Parental Awareness.

How to cite this article: Tandon S, Garg S, Gupta A, Dogra S, Joshi S, Srivastava A.- Save a tooth-The herbal way in parent’s perspective, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):6.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.058

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Aim & Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of diammine silver fluoride in dentistry.

Materials and Methods: A detailed data search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane and a narrative review was done on the same.By applying the inclusion standard information was extracted and analyzed^1-3.

Outcome: The most of literature suggests 38 percent of diammine silver fluoride helps to stop dental caries², 3.80 percent as a root canal disinfection and also as a desensitizer³. No adverse effects of using silver diamide treatment reported.

Conclusion: Based on the literature search SDF is a relatively simple cost-effective painless for invasive conventional therapeutics strategies. The application of SDF carries greater importance among special needs children and children who are very young to undergo invasive caries therapeutic modalities

Keywords: SDF, Cost- effective, Painless,Therapeutic

How to cite this article: Gagana G.D, Jain V, Srivastava BK, Eshwar S, Chinna S.- Silver diamine fluoride- The old new breakthrough therapy-A narrative review , PosterJ 2020; 9(1):14.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.036

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Introduction - Anomalies of tooth form present as a diagnostic dilemma in newly erupted permanent teeth. The uncertainty of pathology can lead to formulation of a wrong and aggressive treatment plan. Dens invaginatus is one such developmental anomaly which results due to invagination into the tooth crown surface before occurrence of calcification¹, and is frequently misdiagnosed. The newer diagnostic aids such as CBCT can provide a correct diagnosis in such cases and help in formulating a minimally invasive treatment plan². This report highlights successful and minimally invasive treatment provided utilizing 3D radiographic aid.

Keywords: Developmental Anomalies, Dens Invaginatus, CBCT, Biodentine

How to cite this article: Joshi S, Gupta S, Gopinath AK , Garg S, Gupta A.- Anomaly of tooth form in young permanent incisor- An advanced diagnostic approach PosterJ 2020; 9(1):7.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.029

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
It is not very often do we as experienced clinicians realize that no matter what our level of experience is, every child is completely unique and oftentimes, these children have immense potential to teach us something different everyday¹.There is fierce dearth of available literature or knowledge per se amongst dental surgeons to render services to the children with Autism, neither is much effort taken for the same for the oral health services of children with Autism by the parents, Special Educators, Therapists. The basic reason could be due to the sensory and behavioral issues being prioritized and the lack of any sort of awareness in hygiene measures or diet counseling putting this utmost important domain of health in the backseat. This poster aims to illustrate few of the means by which complete oral health in these children can also be accomplished.

Keywords: Facial Oro-Tract Therapy; Oral Placement Therapy; Oro-Motor Exercises, Therapeutic Dental Clowning; Wilbarger’s Oral Tactile Technique

How to cite this article: Ghousia S, Nyer Firdoose C.S.- Understanding the ‘Misunderstood’. An Enigma called AUTISM, PosterJ 2020; 9(1):8.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.030

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Regenerative endodontics aims to restore vitality of the tooth by replacing pathological pulp with functional pulp tissue. It has been defined as “biologically based procedures designed to physiologically replace damaged tooth structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex” in the Glossary of Endodontic Terms (2012)¹. Regenerative procedures aim to repair pulp in an organized way and encompass many therapies that are continuously evolving in this field². The triad of stem cells, growth factors and scaffolds form the fundamental basis for regeneration of pulp affected by trauma or infection³. Minimal canal instrumentation, antimicrobials and irrigants are used in conjunction with apically induced bleeding to form a blood clot that acts as a seal within the canal to promote healing⁴. Regeneration of tissues like resorbed root, damaged dentin and pulp like tissue i.e. pulp dentin complex are among the main objectives of regenerative endodontic procedures⁵. Root canal revascularization, pulp implantation, scaffold implantation, injectable scaffold delivery, postnatal stem cell therapy, gene therapy and 3D cell printing are the numerous approaches that come within the scope of regenerative endodontics¹.

Keywords: Regenerative Endodontics; Stem Cells; Scaffolds

How to cite this article: Saxena A.K, Tomer A.K, Gupta A.- Regenerative Endodontics - Road to a realistic future, PosterJ 2020; 9(1):9.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.031

Conflict of interest: None declared

Commentary:

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a prevailing disease commonly seen in children younger than 5 years of age. There is a lack of vision on defining the problem, prevention and management strategies to be applied in the dental community¹. Nurses working in the newborn nursery, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, public health, and community programs are in a distinct position to bring about a beneficial change in the recent epidemic status of ECC. These changes can be accomplished by providing comprehensive oral health education with routine anticipatory guidance for parents. Parents are provided with the fundamental instructions regarding the feeding practices, bathing, care of the umbilical cord, recognition of signs of illness in newborns by the nurses regularly. A model set to provide knowledge and awareness about oral health care to the parents is the newborn nursery².

Nurses are in a notable position to positively reinforce the importance of oral health status to both the parents and the children. They provide assistance in acquiring access to prophylactic oral health care, specifically in low socio-economic populations³. Nurses who have the expertise of working in maternity and pediatric wards are in a favorable position to counsel the mothers expecting children on the child’s oral hygiene requirements on a regular basis. Therefore, they have a crucial role in recognizing at-risk mothers or children during oral screening ensuring referral to pediatric dentists for dental treatment⁴.

Despite having knowledge about the importance of oral health prevention by nurses, they were oblivious of the guidelines required professionally for incorporating oral health in pediatric practices. Collaboration with dental schools and community services would provide a broader idea regarding oral health preventive measures. When administrative supports and policies have been followed, inter- professional collaboration is possible between health care teams. This would bring forth a unique platform allowing the child’s oral health status to be monitored closely while providing a base for early interventions in the form of fluoride applications and early referrals to the dentist⁵. The pediatrician's involvement along with the nurses would hold more weight to the parents for their child's first appointment with a pediatric dentist as they already trust them. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving the nurse, pediatrician and pediatric dentist would play a pivotal role in maintaining good oral hygiene of children.

Keywords: Early Childhood Caries; Child Oral Health ; Dental Treatment

How to cite this article: Rajasekaran S, Bhat SS, Hegde KS, Bhat V.- Joining hands to nurture healthy smiles PosterJ 2020; 9(1):4.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.026

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
A healthy-women during the period of conception has higher chances of a successful delivery and a healthy child¹.At the time of maternity, the mother’s oral health has a direct relationship to the birth outcome and simultaneously, the infant’s oral health. Gingival and periodontal diseases are the most commonly observed diseases found in mothers who neglect their dental hygiene. These conditions, if left untreated in the mother have significant implications on the infant which comprises of preterm birth, preeclampsia and delivery of low-birth weight babies².

Keywords: Child; Mother; Oral Health; Nutrition; Awareness

How to cite this article: Thilak N, Rajasekaran S, Bhat SS, Hegde KS, Bhat V.- Baby’s smile, mom’s happiness PosterJ 2020; 9(1):6.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.028

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is chronic and pervasive disorder of childhood that includes combination of impulsivity and inability to sustain attention and concentration . Clinically children with ADHD generally have disorganization, poor time management skills, low tolerance to frustration, poor communication skill with parents as well as peer². Children suffering with ADHD also have a higher mood swings activities which results in impatience and sudden outburst of anger, therefore if persisted until adulthood, require treatment³. So this poster is an attempt to summarize the diagnosis and management of a child with ADHD.

Keywords: ADHD ; Childhood, Mood swings, Disorder

How to cite this article: Rani R, Chachra S, Shrikant K.- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- It is to better to build a child, than to repair an adult…!!!!, PosterJ 2020; 9(1):17.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.039

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Introduction: Management of marginal tissue recession in patients with thin biotype presents a challenge on a day to day practice in periodontics. Laterally displaced flap (LDF) has been modified multiple times since its introduction. It can be used in combination with other procedures like subepithelial connective tissue (SECT) graft^1,2.
Objective: To present a series of cases with thin biotype and gingival recession at the labial surface of tooth who were treated with LDF along with SECT graft.
Methodology: Patients with Millers class II gingival recession were recruited for the study. The recession coverage was done with LDF along with SECT graft. Clinical parameters including recession depth and width, the width of keratinized gingiva, gingival index, and plaque index were assessed at baseline and after 1 and 3 months after surgery.
Results: Treatment led to complete root coverage, and an increase in width of the attached gingiva.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of LDF with SECT graft is promising for treating recession cases in thin biotype for obtaining the expected root coverage and esthetic outcome.

Keywords: Biotype; Esthetic; Graft, Laterally Displaced Flap; Root Coverage

How to cite this article: Gumber B, Kothari A, Sharma R.K, Tewari S, Arora R.- Laterally displaced flap along with subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage of isolated gingival recession in thin biotype patients: A report of 4 cases, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):5.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.057

Conflict of interest: None declared

Commentary:

INTRODUCTION- Canine plays an important role in dentofacial esthetics, development of arch and functional occlusion1. Maxillary canines are the most commonly impacted teeth as they develop deep within the maxilla and have the longest path of eruption. Surgical exposure of impacted canine can be performed in three ways- gingivectomy, apically repositioning the raised flap overlying the impacted tooth and closed- eruption technique².

CASE REPORT- A 25- year male, systemically healthy, nonsmoker patient with generalized chronic periodontitis was treated. Oral examination revealed gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing and a palatal bulge in the canine region. Maxillary canine was located palatally with its cusp tip adjacent to cervical one-third of root of central incisor and at 3mm distance from incisive foramen as observed on CBCT (cone beam computerized tomography) view.

Papilla preservation flap technique was used to raise full thickness mucoperiosteal flap. Meticulous debridement and root planning was carried out using Gracey curettes and scalers. Bone loss was seen in the anterior region. On the palatal side, for the exposure of impacted canine, piezo surgical tips no-US1L and R were used for the removal of some cortical bone, keeping in mind the position of incisive foramen. Orthodontic button and ligature wire were placed with the help of bonding agent. Flap was repositioned with interrupted suture.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION- Atraumatic surgical technique and orthodontic treatment permit the traction of impacted canines to the alveolar crest, thus facilitating a physiological eruption pattern.

Keywords: Dentofacial Esthetics; Maxillary Canine ; Open Flap Debridement, Chronic Periodontitis Patient

How to cite this article: Saini AK, Tewari S,- Closed surgical approach for palatally displaced maxillary permanent canine along with open flap debridement in chronic periodontitis patient- A case report PosterJ 2020; 9(1):3.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.025

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Robert Putnan was a political scientist who defined social capital “as features of social organisation such as trust, norms and networks that can improve the efficacy of society by facilitating coordinated actions”. Social capital is a community level determinant with its influence in economic growth and sustainable development¹. Role of social capital on health is supported by growing evidence in literature. It is always concerned with increased social relations or networks which has a great influence on mental health, lower levels of mortality and morbidity². Many oral diseases can be prevented if we are able to provide a supportive environment and accessibility for the people in the community. This in turn helps to attain optimal oral health³. There is an urgent need to prevent the occurrence of oral diseases by framing different public dental health approaches which will promote oral health in the community. This poster depicts a model showing the role of a public health dentist in utilizing this social capital for oral health promotion in a community. This shows the changing trends in work profile of a public health dentist to meet the demands and expectation of our profession.

Keywords: Social Capital, Health Promotion, Community Development ,

How to cite this article: Subodh A, Shenoy RP, Jodalli P, Sonde L, Pasha IM, Krishnan AR.- Social capital + Public health dentist = Oral health promotion , PosterJ 2020; 9(1):12.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.034

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Forensic scientists use multidisciplinary techniques for analysis of evidence to establish or exclude an association between the suspect and the crime scene. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile technique for analysis and characterization of a wide range of forensic samples resolving most of limitations of other spectroscopic techniques. It is a vibrational technique involving high energy photons based on the inelastic scattering of radiation in the visible or near-infrared region of the sample¹. Recent forensic studies have shown the importance of this technique as a valuable tool for analysis and characterization of biological fluids, teeth and bones and distinguishing of narcotic drugs^2,3. The biological fluid traces recovered from crime scenes are one of the most important evidence for forensic dentists. This technique is very effective for analysis of dried up samples and identifies an unknown substance to be blood, saliva etc. with high confidence⁴. It also plays an important role in forensic anthropology and toxicology. The recent advent of handheld portable Raman spectrometers equipped with infrared laser (1064 nm) has allowed the on-scene identification of evidence material even from a distance of ten meters. Different forensic disciplines including forensic odontology will greatly benefit from this technique.

Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, Forensic Science, Forensic Dentistry, Trace Evidence, Biological Fluids

How to cite this article: Archana M, Jayachandran S.- Application of Raman spectroscopy in forensic sciences – A review, PosterJ 2020; 9(1):20.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.042

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Coronavirus is a known word since last two decades. ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)’ identified in 2003, and first infected humans in the Guangdong (southern China) in 20021. The name ‘coronavirus’ comes from its appearance and is derived from the Latin word as ‘corona’, meaning is ‘crown’. The novel coronavirus named as ‘SARS-CoV-2’ because it seems like ‘SARS-CoV’ that found in 2002. World Health Organization (WHO) renamed the disease as COVID-19².

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Spike Proteins, Glycoprotein, Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2, Pneumonia, Coronavirus.

How to cite this article: Raichure P.- Overview of COVID -19 pathogenesis, PosterJ 2020; 9(1):19.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.041

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
All dentists should ascertain the need for immediate care, of each patient via telephone by asking a set of questions to probe into the risk of exposure of the patient to Covid-19¹.

Keywords: Aerosols; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Dentist; Pandemic

How to cite this article: Ahmed Y.- COVID-19 and dental practice, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):3.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.055

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by the cessation of air flow during sleep due to an obstruction in the nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal region. Many episodes of apnea may take place within a span of minutes leading to arousal of the patient from his/her sleep in an attempt to increase the amount of air flow. Apart from inadequate hours of sleep, this also results in a deteriorated quality of sleep. Sleep apnea can be caused due to many factors and many treatment modalities have been employed to correct this disorder including mandibular advancement appliances¹, polysomnographs, and surgical intervention. Best results, however, have been seen with the use of the mandibular advancement appliances. This poster highlights the role the orthodontist plays in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OSA patients.

Keywords: Sleep Apnea, Mandibular Advancement Appliances,

How to cite this article: Jayachandran S, Premkumar K S,- Ease the Wheeze, PosterJ 2020;

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.043

Conflict of interest: None declared

ABSTRACT

Commentary:
In India majority of people believe that oral health is less important and separate from general health. This perception needs to be changed at local, state, and national levels and for all population groups. It is our moral responsibility to implement oral health programs equally in all urban and rural populations. All stakeholders, policymakers, health care providers as well the public should come together to implement and bring about change in the perception of oral health. This poster depicts the measures and how the combined effort of public, policymakers, and health care providers can bring a change in their oral health perception. Addressing and overcoming multiple barriers to oral health care, which can embody issues or disparities in: education, economics, the surroundings, cultural and social problems, and also the health care system itself¹. To change the perception of oral health firstly we must educate the public, stakeholders or policymakers who can influence and implement training programs, conduct surveys, population-based research, and develop a stronger health care infrastructure. Policymakers should implement oral health policies. Special care and education should be given to pregnant ladies, lactating mothers, and elderly people. Oral health has limited integration into medical education hence it becomes mandatory to change the perception of health providers and promote as well implement interdisciplinary training. A combined cumulative effort by the public, policymakers and health care providers can give a new vision to oral health².

Keywords: Oral Health, Oral Health Promotion, Special Needs

How to cite this article: Muraleedharan S, Jodalli P, Shenoy RP, Sonde L, Pasha I.- Changing perception of oral health, PosterJ 2020; 9(2):1.

Source of support: Nil.

DOI: 10.15713/ins.dpj.053

Conflict of interest: None declared